{"product_id":"alnylam-five-forces-analysis","title":"Alnylam Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eElevate Your Analysis with the Complete Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlnylam sits at the forefront of RNAi therapeutics, facing intense rivalry from big pharma, high supplier specialization for oligonucleotide synthesis, and moderate buyer leverage due to limited approved products; regulatory hurdles and biologic substitutes temper but don’t eliminate growth prospects. This brief snapshot only scratches the surface. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to explore Alnylam’s competitive dynamics, market pressures, and strategic advantages in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Raw Material Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe production of RNAi therapeutics needs high‑purity oligonucleotides and proprietary lipid nanoparticles, and only a handful of suppliers meet GMP standards, so Alnylam faces moderate supplier power; about 4–6 qualified vendors exist for key lipids as of 2025 and spot premiums can reach 10–18% in tight markets. Long‑term contracts, dual sourcing and strategic inventory (covering 6–12 months) reduce risk of price shocks and supply interruptions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntellectual Property Licensors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cpalnylam depends on foundational patents for rna structure and lipid nanoparticle delivery many licensed from universities firms covering core assets that enable its rnai drugs.\u003e\n\u003cpthose licensors wield high bargaining power because their ip is essential for legal commercialization and alternatives are costly or time-consuming to develop.\u003e\n\u003cprenegotiated royalties could raise r and cogs a percentage-point royalty hike on revenue would cut operating income by about annually.\u003e\n\u003c\/prenegotiated\u003e\u003c\/pthose\u003e\u003c\/palnylam\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eContract Manufacturing Organizations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlnylam owns manufacturing but relies on specialized Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs) for select RNA drug components and global fill\/finish; as of 2024 roughly 20–30% of RNA drug step volume industrywide flows through CMOs, keeping dependency material. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHighly Skilled Scientific Talent\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlnylam faces intense competition for genomics, bioinformatics, and RNA chemistry talent, where median biotech senior scientist pay rose ~14% in 2024 to ~$155k and total comp at top pharma often exceeds $250k with stock awards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs an RNAi leader, Alnylam must match cash, equity, and R\u0026amp;D resources to retain staff or risk losing key personnel to Pfizer, Novartis, or nimble startups.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurnover of senior scientists causes project delays and hiring costs; replacing a principal scientist can cost 150–250% of annual salary and delay programs by 6–12 months.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedian senior scientist pay 2024: ~$155k\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTop pharma total comp \u0026gt;$250k\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplacement cost 150–250% salary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDelay risk 6–12 months\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRegulatory Compliance Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers of clinical trial management and regulatory consulting services are critical for Alnylam to navigate FDA and EMA approval, especially for RNAi therapies in rare diseases where trial design impacts approval probability; in 2024 CRO\/regulatory consultants market fees averaged 18–25% of late-stage trial budgets, raising dependency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause expertise in rare-disease endpoints and novel modalities is scarce, switching mid-trial is costly and risky, giving these suppliers moderate bargaining power—Alnylam faces limited alternatives and potential 10–20% cost uplift to replace vendors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecialized expertise scarce, few qualified vendors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitching mid-trial costly, risky to timelines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsultant fees ~18–25% of late-stage trial budgets (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEstimated 10–20% cost uplift to replace providers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupply bottlenecks, premiums and royalties: $2.5B revenue faces ~$25M hit\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers exert moderate-to-high power: 4–6 qualified lipid vendors (2025) cause 10–18% spot premiums; 20–30% of RNA step volume uses CMOs (2024); key IP licensors hold high leverage; CRO\/regulatory fees were 18–25% of late‑stage budgets (2024). Long contracts, dual sourcing, 6–12 month inventory and in‑house fabs mitigate risk; a 1ppt royalty rise on ~$2.5bn revenue cuts operating income ≈ $25m.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue (year)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQualified lipid vendors\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4–6 (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpot premium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10–18% (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCMO volume share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20–30% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCRO fees\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18–25% late-stage (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRoyalty impact\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1ppt ⇒ ~$25m on $2.5bn (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored Porter's Five Forces analysis for Alnylam that uncovers competitive drivers, supplier and buyer power, entry barriers, substitute threats, and strategic vulnerabilities shaping its pricing, profitability, and market position.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClear, one-sheet Porter's Five Forces analysis for Alnylam—quickly assess competitive pressures in RNAi therapeutics and make faster strategic decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGovernment and Private Payers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment payers and private insurers are Alnylam’s main customers for high-cost orphan drugs, pushing for lower prices; by 2025 public programs in the US and EU demanded rebates averaging 20–40% on specialty drugs. These payers use cost-effectiveness thresholds (often $100–200k per QALY) and formulary exclusions to secure discounts, and tightening health budgets through 2025 raised demand for value-based pricing and outcomes contracts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePharmacy Benefit Managers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge U.S. pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) like CVS Caremark, Express Scripts (Cigna), and OptumRx aggregate payers and negotiate deep discounts, often driving net prices for specialty drugs down 20–40%; by 2024 the top three PBMs covered ~70% of commercially insured lives, letting them steer formulary placement and volume away from or toward Alnylam’s RNAi therapies, which pressures margins on therapies with list prices often \u0026gt;$200,000 per patient annually.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConsolidated Hospital Systems\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsolidated hospital systems—large networks and specialized centers—buy Alnylam’s infused RNAi therapies directly and use patient volume to secure discounts; for example, 20 US health systems accounted for ~35% of hospital drug spend in 2024, boosting negotiation leverage. Their ability to switch to alternatives or run competitive bids raises price pressure; Alnylam faces risk if contract wins fall below current ASPs or if hospitals demand higher rebates. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePatient Advocacy Groups\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cppatient advocacy groups though not direct payers influenced us and eu reimbursement decisions for rare-disease drugs in helping secure faster access of orphan approvals pressuring price concessions averaging on specialty therapies this forces alnylam to adapt launch pricing patient support programs protect uptake.\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e65% of orphan approvals in 2024 saw advocacy-driven accelerated access\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical advocacy pressure led to 8–12% price concessions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublic campaigns can cut projected adoption curves by 3–6 months\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlnylam must balance list price, patient assistance, and payer negotiations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ppatient\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInternational Health Authorities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cpinternational health authorities wield strong pricing control outside the us eu and japan single-payer systems set ceilings that can cut access if alnylam rnai drugs fail cost-effectiveness tests. in nice germany g-ba used technology assessments to demand discounts up vs list price for specialty so must justify premiums with outcomes data budget impact. losing negotiations bar company from national formularies depress peak sales projections.\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingle-payer price ceilings: common in EU, Japan, South Korea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHTA-driven discounts observed: up to 40% in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccess risk: failed price talks = national market exclusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMust prove superior outcomes vs standard care to retain pricing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/pinternational\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAlnylam risks \u0026gt;20–40% net cuts—must prove outcomes to keep $200k+ list and formulary access\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePayers (govt, insurers, PBMs) exert high leverage, pushing 20–40% rebates and value-based deals; top 3 PBMs cover ~70% lives (2024). Hospitals and HTAs (NICE, G-BA) demand up to 40% discounts; advocacy cuts time-to-access by ~3–6 months. Alnylam must trade list prices \u0026gt;$200k vs outcomes data to secure formulary access and protect margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eBuyer\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024–25 Metric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eImpact\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePBMs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e70% lives; 20–40% net price hit\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSteer formulary, lower ASP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHTAs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUp to 40% discounts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMarket exclusion risk\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAdvocacy\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e65% orphan accel; 8–12% concessions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFaster access, price pressure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eSame Document Delivered\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAlnylam Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Alnylam Porter's Five Forces analysis you'll receive immediately after purchase—no surprises, no placeholders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document displayed is the same professionally written file included in the full version—fully formatted and ready for download and use the moment you buy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou're viewing the final deliverable: the complete, ready-to-use analysis available to you instantly after payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56747382276473,"sku":"alnylam-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/alnylam-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772197874","url":"https:\/\/growthsharematrix.com\/products\/alnylam-five-forces-analysis","provider":"Growth Share Matrix","version":"1.0","type":"link"}