{"product_id":"cengage-five-forces-analysis","title":"Cengage Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eElevate Your Analysis with the Complete Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCengage faces moderate supplier power and high buyer sensitivity amid digital disruption, with substitution threats from free edtech resources and steady competitive rivalry from major publishers and platform providers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis brief snapshot only scratches the surface. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to explore Cengage’s competitive dynamics, market pressures, and strategic advantages in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAcademic Authors and Subject Matter Experts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary suppliers for Cengage are academic authors and subject-matter experts who create the core IP for textbooks and digital courses; top-tier authors command higher fees but represent a small share of titles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA large global pool of academic talent—over 4 million higher-education faculty in the US and EU combined as of 2024—limits collective bargaining power, keeping supplier leverage moderate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCengage retains leverage through global distribution, library and campus licensing, and the MindTap\/Learn platform, which together drove about $1.6B in 2024 digital revenue, assets individual authors can’t match.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCloud Infrastructure and SaaS Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs Cengage shifts digital-first, reliance on cloud providers like Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure grows, giving suppliers moderate bargaining power because migrating 10s of TB of content and integrated LMS (learning management system) components incurs high technical and cost barriers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eThird-Party Content and Licensing Partners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCengage licenses specialized media, software, and assessment tools from external vendors to boost digital course value, and these suppliers gain leverage when their proprietary components power high-demand courses or professional-cert programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplier pressure rose in 2024 as Cengage reported 63% of revenue from digital and services; losing a unique vendor could disrupt adoption and margins in niche catalogs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo reduce risk, Cengage builds in-house replacements and diversified licensing — by 2025 it aimed to cut single-vendor dependency by 30% across core titles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized AI and Software Developers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecialized AI and software developers command strong supplier power for Cengage in 2025 because personalized learning features need niche AI-integration experts and firms, scarce in EdTech.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal estimates show a 35% shortfall in senior AI engineers for education platforms in 2024–25, boosting supplier leverage and premium rates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCengage must use competitive partnerships, earnouts, or targeted acquisitions—often costing $10M–$200M per deal—to secure tech access and keep pace.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e35% shortfall in senior AI engineers (2024–25)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcquisition price range: $10M–$200M\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptions: partnerships, earnouts, equity incentives\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePaper and Printing Logistics Providers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaper and printing suppliers remain relevant because physical textbooks still account for about 25% of tertiary textbook revenue globally in 2024, but their bargaining power is low as demand for print fell ~8% CAGR 2019–24. Cengage can negotiate lower unit costs and longer-term print contracts as volumes decline, though raw-material shocks (pulp price spikes: +22% in 2022) pose residual supply-chain risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint = ~25% of revenue (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint demand −8% CAGR 2019–24\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePulp price spike +22% in 2022\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow supplier leverage; negotiation upside for Cengage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eModerate supplier power: authors command premiums, AI\/cloud leverage rises as digital leads\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplier power for Cengage is moderate: authors and SMEs are many (4M+ faculty US\/EU 2024) but top authors demand premiums; cloud and niche AI vendors exert rising leverage amid digital revenue of ~$1.6B in 2024 and 63% digital mix; print suppliers have low power as print = ~25% revenue (2024) with −8% CAGR 2019–24.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDigital revenue (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$1.6B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDigital share (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e63%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFaculty pool (US+EU, 2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4M+\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrint share (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePrint demand CAGR 2019–24\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e−8%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAI engineer shortfall (2024–25)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored Porter's Five Forces analysis for Cengage that uncovers competitive pressures, buyer\/supplier influence, threat of substitutes and new entrants, and highlights disruptive trends and strategic levers to protect and grow market share.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise Porter's Five Forces summary tailored to Cengage—helps teams quickly spot competitive pressures and prioritize strategic responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIndividual Student Price Sensitivity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cpstudents are highly price-sensitive amid average us college textbook costs of about per new title in and total annual spending near so cengage launched unlimited to bundle access for a flat fee reported million subscriptions by students still favor rentals used books market grew yoy billion transactions keep subscription pricing aggressive retain adoption.\u003e\n\u003c\/pstudents\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInstitutional Procurement and Bulk Licensing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge universities and K-12 districts wield strong buyer power, negotiating cohort-wide licenses that forced textbook and digital-provider discounts of 20–40% on average in 2024, per EDUCAUSE procurement surveys. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey demand LMS integration (Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle) and API\/customization, raising Cengage’s implementation cost but locking multi-year deals that supplied ~55% of institutional digital revenue in FY2024. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFaculty Influence on Material Selection\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn higher education, faculty drive adoption: 85% of course material decisions are faculty-led, so professors’ preference for pedagogical tools and platform ease-of-use directly shapes Cengage’s market share.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCengage spent $190 million on faculty-facing marketing and professional development in FY2024 to influence adoption and maintain preferred status in classrooms nationwide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough students pay, faculty bargaining power is high because their selections determine purchase rates and renewal of digital courseware licenses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGrowth of Subscription Model Expectations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rise of Netflix-style subscriptions has shifted student and institutional expectations toward flat-fee, continuously updated access; Cengage’s 2024 Revel digital subscriptions reported a 22% YoY uplift in engagement, raising stakes for content freshness and cross-device sync.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause users can cancel easily and compare services, buyer power grows—industry churn for edtech subscriptions averaged ~18% in 2023—so perceived value must exceed low switching costs to retain revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpect continuous updates and cross-platform access\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 engagement +22% for subscription offerings\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdtech subscription churn ~18% (2023)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow switching costs increase buyer leverage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAlternative Credentialing Seekers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cpa growing segment of learners us workers seeking reskilling in non-degree credentials and microcredentials giving them strong bargaining power due to many vendor choices outside textbook publishing.\u003e\n\u003cpcengage must prove job outcomes and industry alignment paid credential programs showing salary uplift employer partnerships hires from bootcamps raise conversion retention among pragmatic buyers.\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e58% US workers reskilling (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e20–40% reported salary uplift from credentials\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh vendor choice → strong customer bargaining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCareer outcomes + employer ties = retention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/pcengage\u003e\u003c\/pa\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh buyer power: price‑sensitive students, faculty-driven adoptions, institutions cut 20–40%\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cpcustomers faculty institutions hold high bargaining power: students price-sensitive new textbook annual spend and subscription churn while universities secure discounts supplied of cengage institutional digital revenue in fy2024 choose course materials driving adoption reskilling demand workers raises non-degree vendor choice.\u003e\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAvg new textbook (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$129\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnnual student spend\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e$700\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSubscription churn (2023)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInstitutional revenue share (FY2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e55%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFaculty influence on adoptions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e85%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWorkers reskilling (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e58%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/pcustomers\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eWhat You See Is What You Get\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCengage Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Cengage Porter's Five Forces analysis you'll receive immediately after purchase—no placeholders or samples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document displayed here is the same professionally written, fully formatted file you'll be able to download and use the moment you buy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo mockups or edits; this is the final, ready-to-use analysis delivered instantly upon payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56747502043513,"sku":"cengage-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/cengage-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772199360","url":"https:\/\/growthsharematrix.com\/products\/cengage-five-forces-analysis","provider":"Growth Share Matrix","version":"1.0","type":"link"}