{"product_id":"duskin-five-forces-analysis","title":"Duskin Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDon't Miss the Bigger Picture\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin’s Five Forces snapshot highlights supplier leverage, buyer bargaining, competitive rivalry, substitutes, and entry threats shaping its market position, revealing where margins and risks concentrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRaw Material Price Volatility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProcurement of Mister Donut ingredients (flour, sugar, edible oils) faces global commodity swings and FX risk; Brent-linked palm oil rose ~22% in 2024–2025 and JPY depreciation added ~6% import cost pressure by Q3 2025.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin uses multi-year contracts and 18–25% supplier diversification to smooth spikes, but top suppliers retain moderate price leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2025 Duskin absorbed ~30–40% of input inflation and passed 60–70% to consumers, balancing margin erosion against Japan’s price-sensitive demand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Chemical and Textile Sourcing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin needs specific chemical formulas and high-grade textiles for mops and mats; only about 5–8 global suppliers meet these proprietary standards at scale, raising supplier bargaining power. Duskin uses joint development and exclusive deals—20% of FY2024 procurement was under exclusivity—to lock supply and reduce disruption. This stabilizes input quality but creates dependency on a narrow set of high-tech chemical providers, concentrating supply risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLabor Supply and Human Capital\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Japan 2025 the chronic labor shortage raises supplier power for Duskin: unemployment fell to 2.5% in 2024 and job-to-applicant ratio hit 1.37, pushing recruitment costs up ~18% YoY for service firms. Duskin faces higher wages and franchise operator premiums, so it must spend on automation and digital tools—estimated CAPEX rise ~¥2–3bn—to cut labor hours while still offering competitive pay; power shifts toward workers and agencies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnological and Digital Infrastructure Partners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin’s shift to IoT and data-driven services increases dependence on cloud and AI vendors, raising switching costs for complex franchise management systems and strengthening supplier bargaining power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAI-driven route optimization and CRM integrations make these tech providers indispensable, leading to periodic software license hikes and higher specialized support fees; global cloud services grew 21% in 2024, tightening vendor leverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh switching costs for legacy franchise systems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAI\/IoT integrations raise vendor indispensability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodic license\/support price increases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobal cloud market +21% in 2024 bolsters vendor power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnergy and Logistics Costs\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vast route-sales and home-delivery network makes Duskin exposed to fuel and freight cost shocks; Japan’s diesel prices rose ~18% in 2024, raising last-mile costs materially.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDriver shortages in 2024–2025 gave third-party logistics firms pricing power, pushing contract rates up ~12–20% for regional carriers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin cut external dependence by optimizing its fleet and routes, but transport across ~2,800 franchise outlets still eats into margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiesel +18% in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContract rates +12–20% (2024–25)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~2,800 franchise outlets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternal fleet expansion to reduce carrier spend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuppliers Squeeze Duskin: Soaring inputs force absorption, long-term contracts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers hold moderate-to-high power: commodity input shocks (palm oil +22% 2024–25; diesel +18% 2024), limited high-grade chemical\/textile vendors (5–8 global), tech\/cloud dependence (cloud market +21% 2024), labor tightness (unemployment 2.5% 2024) and carrier rate hikes (+12–20%) force Duskin to absorb 30–40% input inflation and lock long-term\/exclusive contracts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePalm oil move\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+22% (24–25)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDiesel\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+18% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCloud growth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+21% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUnemployment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.5% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUncovers key drivers of competition, customer influence, and market entry risks tailored to Duskin, identifying disruptive forces, supplier\/buyer power, substitutes, and barriers that shape its pricing, profitability, and strategic positioning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompact Porter’s Five Forces snapshot tailored for Duskin—quickly identify competitive pressures and prioritize strategic moves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIndividual Consumer Price Sensitivity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndividual customers exert high bargaining power in Duskin’s retail and food-service arms due to many dining and cleaning alternatives; 2025 surveys show 62% of Japanese households compare prices across channels, often pitting Mister Donut against convenience-store snacks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat price sensitivity forces Duskin to keep margins tight—company data shows promotional frequency rose 18% in 2024—so frequent discounts and combo offers preserve foot traffic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLoyalty programs and mobile app integration are crucial: Duskin reported 4.1 million app registrations by Dec 2025, helping raise repeat-visit rates and partially offset raw price sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorporate Client Negotiation Leverage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorporate B2B clients, often buying high-volume cleaning and FM services, hold strong negotiation leverage at renewals; top 100 corporate contracts can account for 35–50% of a provider’s revenue, raising price sensitivity. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInstitutional buyers demand tailored SLAs and volume discounts that compress Duskin’s margins; average contract discounts in Japan’s FM sector reached 8–12% in 2024. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple major rivals (e.g., Sodexo, ISS) make switching easy if price or quality slips, with reported churn rates ~10% annually in office cleaning. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin reduces leverage through integrated FM bundles—janitorial, HVAC, security—raising switching costs and extending contract lengths from 12 to 24+ months on average. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLow Switching Costs in Food Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSwitching from Mister Donut to a nearby bakery or convenience store costs virtually nothing, so customers choose by convenience, seasonal items, or minor price gaps; industry data shows 62% of QSR visits driven by proximity (NPD Group, 2024). Duskin counters with product innovation—new flavors every quarter—and store ambiance investments (avg. ¥3.5M renovation per store, 2023) to sustain brand equity as its main defense.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDemographic Shifts and Elderly Care Demands\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs Japan ages—28.9% of the population was 65+ in 2023 and projected ~30% by 2025—demand for elderly care and healthcare services has surged, giving seniors and families more provider choice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese customers pick on reputation, safety records, and specialized-care breadth, forcing Duskin to adapt services and pricing transparency to stay preferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e28.9% 65+ (2023); ~30% by 2025\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChoices driven by safety, reputation, specialization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeed for transparent pricing and outcomes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eService portfolio must evolve to retain share\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDigital Empowerment and Online Reviews\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 2025, social media and review platforms peak influence gives consumers outsized power over Duskin’s brand; a single negative review can cut local franchise sales by 5–12% within 7 days according to industry analytics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis transparency forces Duskin to enforce strict QA across ~2,300 franchises and monitor digital feedback continuously, reducing average complaint resolution time from 48 to 18 hours in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuskin’s real-time response and service tweaks limit reputational loss and protect system-wide revenue, with digital sentiment tracking tied to quarterly franchise performance metrics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingle negative review: −5–12% local sales (7 days)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFranchises: ~2,300 (2025)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplaint resolution: 48 → 18 hours (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReal-time monitoring links to quarterly KPIs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh customer leverage squeezes Duskin margins despite app scale and long B2B terms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCustomers hold high bargaining power across Duskin’s retail, QSR (Mister Donut) and FM segments—62% comparison shopping (2025), 62% QSR visits driven by proximity (NPD 2024)—pressuring margins via promotions (+18% promo freq in 2024). B2B buyers (top 100 contracts = 35–50% revenue) push 8–12% average discounts (2024), but bundles and 24+ month terms, plus 4.1M app users (Dec 2025), raise switching costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHouseholds comparing prices\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e62% (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePromo frequency change\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+18% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApp registrations\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.1M (Dec 2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB2B contract share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35–50% (top 100)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAvg B2B discounts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8–12% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003ePreview Before You Purchase\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuskin Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Duskin Porter's Five Forces analysis you'll receive immediately after purchase—no placeholders or mockups; it's fully formatted and ready for download.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56747427430777,"sku":"duskin-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/duskin-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772198372","url":"https:\/\/growthsharematrix.com\/products\/duskin-five-forces-analysis","provider":"Growth Share Matrix","version":"1.0","type":"link"}