{"product_id":"loparex-five-forces-analysis","title":"Loparex Group Porter's Five Forces Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFrom Overview to Strategy Blueprint\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLoparex Group faces moderate supplier power due to specialized materials, constrained buyer power from diversified industrial customers, and medium threat from new entrants given capital intensity; substitutes and rivalry hinge on innovation and cost-efficiency. This brief snapshot only scratches the surface. Unlock the full Porter's Five Forces Analysis to explore Loparex Group’s competitive dynamics, market pressures, and strategic advantages in detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euppliers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentration of Specialty Paper and Film Producers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary raw materials for Loparex—specialty papers and plastic films—are concentrated among a few global mills; the top five suppliers control roughly 60–70% of capacity, giving them price and supply leverage over release-liner makers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese inputs are critical for high-quality release liners, so supplier power translates directly into input-cost pass-through limits for Loparex and margin pressure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy late 2025, two major upstream consolidations reduced available independent capacity by about 15%, further constraining Loparex’s bargaining leverage and raising procurement risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVolatility in Silicone and Chemical Feedstocks\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilicone, key to Loparex Group’s release coatings, tracks silicon metal and energy prices; silicon metal rose 28% in 2024 and EU power costs averaged €120\/MWh in H2 2024, raising input volatility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge chemical suppliers—Dow, Wacker, Evonik—control specialty silicone capacity and set terms tied to feedstock shortages and EU REACH limits, squeezing smaller buyers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLoparex must secure multi-year contracts, dual sourcing, and inventory buffers; a 3–6 month safety stock reduces disruption risk but ties up ~2–4% of working capital.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImpact of Sustainability and ESG Mandates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers of certified sustainable fibers and recycled resins have stronger bargaining power as EU and US regulations push recycled content targets (EU Ecodesign, US state laws) — certified suppliers index prices ~15–30% above virgin materials in 2024, per market reports.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLoparex’s 2025 sustainability commitments increase reliance on a small pool of green suppliers, raising supply concentration risk and making the company vulnerable to price premia and lead-time variability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnergy Costs and Manufacturing Logistics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe energy‑intensive paper and film production raises Loparex Group’s cost of goods sold sharply when utility prices spike; European industrial electricity rose ~45% year‑on‑year in 2022 and remains ~20% above pre‑2021 averages, so energy surcharges materially hit margins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers routinely pass higher fuel and energy costs via fuel surcharges and energy adjustment clauses, reducing Loparex’s ability to cap input costs without long‑term hedges or indexed contracts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge, heavy rolls need specialized transport, so regional supplier dominance—for example limited coating\/film capacity in Central Europe—reduces sourcing flexibility and increases vendor bargaining power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnergy spikes directly raise COGS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurcharges and clauses shift cost risk to Loparex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogistics of large rolls create regional supplier leverage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnological Propriety of Raw Materials\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertain high-end specialty films for composites and medical uses are patent-protected or made via unique processes, giving suppliers near-monopoly power when Loparex needs those exact materials; this creates technical lock-in and raises switching costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2025 the global specialty films patent family rose 7% YoY and supplier concentration in niche films shows top-3 firms holding ~65% share, amplifying price and supply risk for Loparex.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePatents\/unique processes → supplier pricing power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTop-3 suppliers ≈65% market share (niche films, 2025)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitching risks: quality loss, redesign costs, longer lead times\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Suppliers-Box-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSupplier squeeze: mills consolidate, input costs surge—Loparex needs contracts, stock\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuppliers hold strong leverage: top-5 paper\/film mills 60–70% capacity, two consolidations cut independent capacity ~15% by late‑2025, silicone up 28% in 2024 and EU power ~€120\/MWh H2‑24; green-certified inputs priced 15–30% above virgin in 2024. Loparex needs multi‑year contracts, dual sourcing and 3–6 month stock (ties 2–4% working capital) to mitigate margin risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024–25\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop‑5 mill share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60–70%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndependent capacity drop\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~15%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSilicon metal change\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+28% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEU power H2‑24\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€120\/MWh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGreen premium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e+15–30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSafety stock WC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2–4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTailored Porter's Five Forces analysis for Loparex Group uncovering competitive intensity, supplier and buyer power, threat of substitutes and new entrants, plus disruptive forces and strategic implications for pricing, margin protection, and market positioning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA concise Porter's Five Forces snapshot for Loparex—clear visuals and editable pressure levels to quickly identify competitive threats and strategic levers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eustomers Bargaining Power\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConcentration of Large Scale B2B Buyers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA large share of Loparex Group revenue—around 60% in 2024—comes from multinational buyers in hygiene, medical, and tapes, concentrating sales risk. These high-volume customers can demand price cuts and longer payment terms; contracts over $10m give them outsized negotiation power. Their ability to shift annual contracts between liner suppliers means Loparex faces persistent margin pressure and must compete on cost, service, and technical specs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLow Switching Costs for Commodity Grade Liners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor standard pressure-sensitive adhesive liners, technical demands are low so liners act as a semi-commodity; customers can switch suppliers with little requalification, raising buyer power. In 2024 global release liner volumes rose ~3% to 3.2 million tonnes, and Loparex faces price pressure in these segments where +\/-5% price moves sway account loyalties. Loparex must compete on price and service efficiency to hold share.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDemand for Co-Engineered Solutions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn aerospace composites and medical diagnostics, key customers co-engineer liners with Loparex, creating deep technical integration that lowers immediate buyer bargaining power; for example, 35–50% of aerospace liner specs derive from joint R\u0026amp;D projects in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSensitivity to End-Market Consumer Trends\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bargaining power of customers tracks the pressures they face downstream; retailers and converters demanding sustainable, low-cost films push Loparex to lower margins and invest in recyclability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy late 2025, ~60% of top-50 FMCG buyers require plastic-free or fully recyclable solutions, raising switch costs and increasing price sensitivity for Loparex’s coated-release liners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustomers pass sustainability mandates upstream\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~60% top buyers demand recyclable solutions (late 2025)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMargin pressure from price sensitivity and certification costs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAvailability of Transparent Market Pricing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe release liner market maturation has increased price transparency; third-party procurement consultants now advise buyers with benchmarks and global material-cost data, shrinking Loparex Group’s informational edge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2024 spot silicone-coated paper pulp prices fell 12% YoY and PET film costs tracked down 8%, so customers used those indices to push for 3–7% lower renewal pricing vs prior contracts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere’s the quick list — what matters to Loparex:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsultants up 20% usage in 2023 procurement RFPs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial-cost indices fell 8–12% in 2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustomers negotiating 3–7% price concessions at renewal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/5FORCES-Content-Customers-Cart-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMultinationals Drive 60% of Loparex Revenue—Price Leverage vs. Switchable Liners\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge multinationals drive ~60% of Loparex 2024 revenue, giving buyers strong price\/payment leverage; contracts \u0026gt;$10m are high-stakes. Commodity-like liners raise switchability; customers secured 3–7% renewal price cuts in 2024 after material costs fell 8–12%. Co-engineered aerospace\/medical liners (35–50% spec input) reduce buyer power. Sustainability mandates (≈60% top buyers by late‑2025) raise certification costs and price sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRevenue share from multinationals (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGlobal liner volume (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.2 Mt (+3%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMaterial cost change (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-8% to -12%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBuyer price concessions (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3–7%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTop buyers demanding recyclable (late 2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~60%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eWhat You See Is What You Get\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLoparex Group Porter's Five Forces Analysis\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis preview shows the exact Porter’s Five Forces analysis of Loparex Group you’ll receive immediately after purchase—no surprises, fully formatted and ready for download; it assesses supplier power, buyer power, competitive rivalry, threat of substitutes, and barriers to entry with actionable insights.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MatrixBCG","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56747266572665,"sku":"loparex-five-forces-analysis","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0911\/3554\/1625\/files\/loparex-five-forces-analysis.png?v=1772196866","url":"https:\/\/growthsharematrix.com\/products\/loparex-five-forces-analysis","provider":"Growth Share Matrix","version":"1.0","type":"link"}